Barbie: Independent Woman or Damaging American Icon? Essays -- Argumen

Barbie Independent Woman or Damaging American Icon?Shes the unspotted American beauty, the woman we all dreamed of organism at one point in our lives. She has long, tanned legs, cascades of blonde curls and has such perky breasts that she doesnt rase quest a bra. Although this character does not need air to breathe and is made of plastic, she has been one of Americas most potent icons for more than 40 years and has unnatural girls in ways even human models arnt able-bodied of. With 250 million Barbies in existence in the United States alone, there ar more Barbies than there are people in the United States (Green 339). Barbie is adored by 8-year-old girls, collected by mishandle-boomer moms, and despised by feminists. No one can deny Barbies unmistakable popularity. I myself am still the owner of 10-12 well-worn Barbie dolls. They are the outcome of much begging and pleading with my parents and their many unsuccessful attempts at getting me to stop sucking my thumb. Barbie was fascinating to me because she was a woman, not a baby like my other dolls. My sister and I spent hours creating complex grown-up scenarios with Barbie and her counterparts. Although I have fond memories of those afternoons of make-believe, I am at a time a more consciences large(p) aware of Barbies shortcomings as such a powerful cultural icon. Although some people would call Barbie a feminist due to her multiple careers and her independent, fun-loving personality, I now see that Barbies unrealistic body size, her association with consumerism, and her potent sexuality make her a shun and harmful American icon. Barbie was conceived in 1959 by pathos Handler (Green, A. 1/2). While on vacation in Germany, Ruth found a bangle d... ...rth Island Journal 114 (1996). Academic pursuit Elite. Palni Site look to. Goshen College Good Library. 3 Mar. 2001.Matheny, Krista. Many Women Believe Barbie Damages Society. Murray State News U-Wire 18 Feb. 200 0. <www.sam.com/articleMcConnell, Tandy, ed. American Decades 1990-1999. Farmington Hills, MI Gale, 2001.Prager, Emily. Our Barbies, Ourselves. Signs of Life in the U.S.A. Readings on Popular gloss For Writers. 3rd Ed. Maasik, Sonia and Jack Solomon. Boston Bedford, 2000. 706-709.Robertson, Virginia. Special Report on hit Girls What Barbie Says About Girls. Aug. 1997. Kidscreen About Reaching Children Through Entertainment <www.kidscreen.com/articles/ks15997.aspThe Culture of Beauty. Diabetes Forcast Jul 1995. Academic Search Elite. Palni SiteSearch. Goshen College Good Library. 3 Mar. 2001. Barbie Independent Woman or Damaging American Icon? Essays -- ArgumenBarbie Independent Woman or Damaging American Icon?Shes the classic American beauty, the woman we all dreamed of being at one point in our lives. She has long, tanned legs, cascades of blonde curls and has such perky breasts that she doesnt even need a bra. Although this character does no t need air to breathe and is made of plastic, she has been one of Americas most potent icons for more than 40 years and has affected girls in ways even human models arent capable of. With 250 million Barbies in existence in the United States alone, there are more Barbies than there are people in the United States (Green 339). Barbie is adored by 8-year-old girls, collected by baby-boomer moms, and despised by feminists. No one can deny Barbies unmistakable popularity. I myself am still the owner of 10-12 well-worn Barbie dolls. They are the outcome of much begging and pleading with my parents and their many unsuccessful attempts at getting me to stop sucking my thumb. Barbie was fascinating to me because she was a woman, not a baby like my other dolls. My sister and I spent hours creating complex grown-up scenarios with Barbie and her counterparts. Although I have fond memories of those afternoons of make-believe, I am now a more consciences adult aware of Barbies shortcomings as such a powerful cultural icon. Although some people would call Barbie a feminist due to her multiple careers and her independent, fun-loving personality, I now see that Barbies unrealistic body size, her association with consumerism, and her potent sexuality make her a negative and harmful American icon. Barbie was conceived in 1959 by Ruth Handler (Green, A. 1/2). While on vacation in Germany, Ruth found a novelty d... ...rth Island Journal 114 (1996). Academic Search Elite. Palni SiteSearch. Goshen College Good Library. 3 Mar. 2001.Matheny, Krista. Many Women Believe Barbie Damages Society. Murray State News U-Wire 18 Feb. 2000. <www.sam.com/articleMcConnell, Tandy, ed. American Decades 1990-1999. Farmington Hills, MI Gale, 2001.Prager, Emily. Our Barbies, Ourselves. Signs of Life in the U.S.A. Readings on Popular Culture For Writers. 3rd Ed. Maasik, Sonia and Jack Solomon. Boston Bedford, 2000. 706-709.Robertson, Virginia. Special Repor t on Reaching Girls What Barbie Says About Girls. Aug. 1997. Kidscreen About Reaching Children Through Entertainment <www.kidscreen.com/articles/ks15997.aspThe Culture of Beauty. Diabetes Forcast Jul 1995. Academic Search Elite. Palni SiteSearch. Goshen College Good Library. 3 Mar. 2001.

Essay --

Article AnalysisThe article I choose to write my analysis on is about a small study that make up genius differences between genial butterflies and isolated people. A study conducted by Maryann Noonan on 18 people ages 27-70 proposes that parts of your brain may in fact be different depending on how very much you socialize , whether your what some people call a social butterfly or a lone wolf. The researchers asked the people how much they socialized during a time period of 30 days the socialization consisted of anything from phone calls to face to face interactions. They then scanned the brains of the 18 individuals in the experiment flavour for anything that people with similar amounts of socialization had in common. From the brain scans they discovered that in fact three parts of the brain seemed to be bigger, additionally it appeared that those parts were also more strongly connected to other regions of the brain in the people who had more social interactions compared to the people who stayed to themselves. The results that the experimenters found also correlated with a former study done on monkey that had similar results in the brains of monkeys who lied in larger groups. In the end this research may be hard to fully understand, because it is hard to conduct an experiment that follows people from a young age and if their socialization directly effects their brain growth. The results of the experiment are surprising to me and move on me to believe that it is unlikely to have a definitive answer as to how our behavior affects our brain structure, unless an experiment is conduct from the start of someones aboriginal childhood. This article leaves me with a few questions however the first question is do peoples brains make them the per... ...nships. We all know that animals dont discombobulate married but they can still have a life long relationship with another member of their species in which they have offspring and live their wholes lives togeth er. Humans and animals have similar social patterns they just show it in different ways. This can occur because one of the huge differences in humans and animals in that they have different behavior development and evolution. Human behavior is heavily based off of social organization and social interaction. While animals behavior is only slightly based on social influence because their actions are based on instinct and reactions to their environment. From the research I did I found that there are similarities between human and animal socialization patterns, animals may do it in different ways but they are expressing the same social patterns and expressions as humans.

Essay examples --

Mandatory reporting laws of domestic violence for healthcare providers could be an important step forward as well to cherish children witnesses. These laws are still controversial, and those who oppose them usually do so out of concern that it will dissuade women from seeking medical help not to hang a risk of retaliation and is too much of an attempt to control the life of an adult (Culross 115). However, these mandatory reporting laws would allow doctors who see signs of domestic roast to bring in child protective services, which is a first step to protecting children who witnessed domestic violence (Culross 115). Increasingly, many believe that Child Protective serve should intervene on behalf of children who witness domestic violence (Appel 231). Historically, despite the aforementioned overlap, these programs have been very divided with Child Protectice Services only focusing on the children and domestic violence programs only focusing on the abused victims (Findlater 84). Some opponents fear that just like mandatory reporting laws, these could put the children and t...

Majority Rule :: Essays Papers

Majority RuleAccording to John C. Calhouns Disquisition on Government, Rousseaus ideas were wrong. Unlike Rousseau, Calhoun believes that man is more self-interested than socially interested therefore Rousseaus idea of a sovereign making a fair general interest decision obsolete. Calhoun acknowledges the fact that in any society there has to be a decision making procedure and a form of power. He then explains how that power will of course make self-interest a priority. Calhoun breaks up the decision making process of voting into two different categories, numerical/absolute majority and constitutional/coinciding majority. Calhoun stresses the fact that there is a major difference between these two and that they can non be confounded without leading to great and fatal errors. Numerical majority is describe as a majority of numbers, which does not consider the actual people who make up this so called majority. Mr. Calhoun insists that confounding the two majorities and considering num erical majority as the only majority will in fact tear apart the popular government. Instead he explicates the importance of every persons opinion, this is what is so overlooked in a majority rule, because there are more numbers does not make that a right majority. A majority is most often in control or heavily involved with its government. Calhoun explains that if a constitution is made to be easily changed to limit the powers of some departments, as well as this whitethorn seem, can cause harm. A majority that is limited by one of these provisions will find it easier to do away with these provisions because of their numbers, while the minority will not have the ability to keep the provisions. These beliefs are easily correlated with the issues of states rights during the civil war. I agree with Calhoun and his beliefs of majority. Although our nation today is prosperous this does not make the decisions of and other events in our country right. We have almost lost touch with many groups and simply dubbed them the minority.

Essay on Macbeth and its Unbelievable Lady :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

Macbeth and its Unbelievable Lady In William Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth which character is more imaginatively created than that of Lady Macbeth? Can a lady actu onlyy ring in this manner without being called insane. We examine the various dimensions of her character in this paper. L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth describes the affectedness of Lady Macbeths words and actions Thus the sense of the unnaturalness of evil is evoked not only be repeated explicit references (natures mischief, nature seems dead, Tis unnatural, even like the deed thats done, and so on) but by the expression of unnatural sentiments and an unnatural violence of tone in such things as Lady Macbeths invocation of the spirits who will unsex her, and her affirmation that she would murder the babe at her disparager if she had sworn to do it. (95) Samuel Johnson in The Plays of Shakespeare underscores how ambition by the protagonists leads to detestation on the part of the readers The danger of ambition i s well described and I know not whether it may not be said in defence of some parts which now seem improbable, that, in Shakespeares time, it was necessary to warn credulity against sleeveless and illusive predictions. The passions are directed to their true end. Lady Macbeth is merely detested and though the courage of Macbeth preserves some esteem, yet every reader rejoices at his fall. (133) In Memoranda Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth, Sarah Siddons comments on the Ladys cold manner Macbeth announces the Kings approach and she, insensible it should seem to all the perils which he has encountered in battle, and to all the happiness of his safe return to her, -- for not one kind word of greeting or congratulations does she offer, -- is so entirely swallowed up by the imposing design, which has probably been suggested to her by his letters, as to have forgotten both the one and the other. (56) In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson describes the role of Lady Macbeth Professor Kittredge apply to point out to his classes that Lady Macbeth, in urging Macbeth to act, uses the three arguments that every wife, some time or other, uses to every husband You promised me youd do it Youd do it if you love me If I were a man, Id do it myself But Macbeths mind is made up by her assurance that they may do it safely by fixing the ill-doing upon Duncans chamberlains.

Essay on Macbeth and its Unbelievable Lady :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

Macbeth and its Unbelievable Lady In William Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth which character is more imaginatively created than that of Lady Macbeth? Can a lady actu ally think in this manner without being called insane. We examine the various dimensions of her character in this paper. L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth describes the unnaturalness of Lady Macbeths words and actions then the sense of the unnaturalness of evil is evoked not only be repeated explicit references (natures mischief, nature seems dead, Tis unnatural, even like the deed thats done, and so on) but by the expression of unnatural sentiments and an unnatural violence of tone in such things as Lady Macbeths invocation of the spirits who will unsex her, and her affirmation that she would performance the babe at her breast if she had sworn to do it. (95) Samuel Johnson in The Plays of Shakespeare underscores how ambition by the protagonists leads to detestation on the part of the readers The danger of ambition is well describe and I know not whether it may not be said in defence of some parts which now seem improbable, that, in Shakespeares time, it was infallible to warn credulity against vain and illusive predictions. The passions are directed to their true end. Lady Macbeth is merely detested and though the courage of Macbeth preserves some esteem, to that degree every reader rejoices at his fall. (133) In Memoranda Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth, Sarah Siddons comments on the Ladys cold manner Macbeth announces the Kings approach and she, insensible it should seem to all the perils which he has encountered in battle, and to all the happiness of his safe return to her, -- for not one kind word of greeting or congratulations does she offer, -- is so only when swallowed up by the horrible design, which has probably been suggested to her by his letters, as to have forgotten both the one and the other. (56) In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson describes the division of Lady Macbeth Professor Kittredge used to point out to his classes that Lady Macbeth, in urging Macbeth to act, uses the three arguments that every wife, some time or other, uses to every husband You promised me youd do it Youd do it if you loved me If I were a man, Id do it myself But Macbeths mind is made up by her assurance that they may do it safely by fixing the guilt upon Duncans chamberlains.

Were the “cult of domesticity” sign of an improvement or a restriction in women’s status and condition

Were the cult of domesticity and the rise of the child centered family signs of an improvement or a restriction in womens status and condition (1790-1860)The Cult of Domesticity also known as the cult of true womanhood developed as family lost its function as scotch unit. Prior to the late 1700s the family worked together to puzzle out whatever was needed to survive. Women and childrens contributions to the family were as important as the males. The surfacing of a market economy where males were able to make a living at professions other than farming changed the way the family unit functioned. With the new system children were able to stay at home which forced the women to down to stay home as well to care for them.Another support for the appearance of child-centered families and the cult of domesticity was the emergence of a new class, which became known as the place class. The middle class did not need to make what it needed to survive. Men were able to leave the home to make m oney to support the family, which became the standard. A womans flavor in this quantify period was divided into her domestic duties and her duty to learn social skills, and she was not allowed to enter the public realm of life dominated by men. That was considered unladylike. Women who dared were usually exploited. Most women remained in the home, as a sort of cultural hostage and thus assigning women to unpaid domestic labor.The rising ideals of nineteenth-century in the States redefined womens roles in all classes not just the middle class. Though women were no longer expected to work outside the home this placed greater entailment on a males ability to earn enough money to make his wifes labor outside the home unnecessary. This devalued womens contributions outside the home.The cult of domesticity was a byproduct of the nineteenth centurys Industrial Revolution and the movement away from the homestead into big cities. This family pattern not only devalued women of all classes it also demoralized working class men, who had the burden of being the wage earner with employment that did not always provide adequately. (Landry) The women of this class had their workload in many cases double they proceed to farm or take care of the homestead, which used to be the males role, while at the same time keeping up with their housework and the duties of a mother. priapic dominance and female submissiveness was a result of the cult of domesticity. There were less restrictions and more equality in the pre industrial era. Work was carried out within the family unit. The family unit, which include male and female, engaged in common objectives and responsibilities that help connect them as a family. With the onset of the male leaving to make a living this sit the male more in control and diminished the females role in the family unit to lesser valued activities.There were more restrictions placed on females during this time period than males. A females status was lowered to one of unpaid and under appreciated labor. The conditions of females were only important if it had a negative impact of the male of the house. clubhouse used social, economic, and political restrictions to reinforce the womans place in the home.

Analysis of Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Essay

AbstractComprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) is a report used by cities, and local governments to provide the public with their financial records each year, while adhering to government news report standards board (GASB) guidelines. The report presents a comprehensive picture of the reporting entitys financial assign, it provides how funds are spent and allocated throughout the year.IntroductionI will be covering the Carlsbad CAFR for year ended 2011. The Beautiful urban center of Carlsbad is located along the coast of grey California. Carlsbad is known for its beautiful beaches, and lagoons which cover 1,000 Acres of nature preserves and hiking trails. Its history dates back to 1700, before becoming interpreter of the United States, it was a territory of Spain and hence Mexico, the shoreline of Carlsbads coastal lagoon was home to the indigenous Luiseno and Diegueos Indians for centuries before the arrival ofthe Spaniards (City of Carlsbad, n.d.). The current popula tion of the urban center is approximately 107,000 residents total area is 42 Sq. Miles (City of Carlsbad, n.d). The cities top business consists of hospitality, life science, sporting goods and recreation, and telecommunications.The metropolis provides a wide range of services to residents such as police, fire, infrastructure, and general administration, the CAFR provides detailed cultivation about(predicate) how these services are funded, and the pillowcase of the governmental funds allocated for these services. The city exhibits accountability and honesty by sharing the CAFR with its residents, in turn this builds boldness in the residents toward their city, trust in that their hard earn money is being used in the appropriate services, and these funds are put back in to the maintenance and tuition of their communities. I will be presenting an analysis of Carlsbads comprehensive annual financial report for year ended 2011. The report consists of three theatrical roles tha t are introductory, financial, and statistical. canonical AnalysisThe introductory for the city Carlsbads CAFR bulges with a five-year vision statement, it is general vision statement, I find this very encouraging, and reassuring to present it before red into depth with the report. It includes the citys economic goal, programs, policies, and decisions to be implemented by the citys officials it also lists the type of leadership, the open government policy, and they type of environmental services and how they are managed. Then one can find the Letter of Transmittal presented by the citys finance department, addressed to the mayor, city council and citizens of Carlsbad. The letter is to explain why the CAFR is prepared, what is included in the CAFR, the guidelines followed such as universally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and that GASB requirements were preserved in the report the finance department certain an auditing from the independent auditing firm Mayer Hoffman McCan n, they also included where the results of the auditing can be located which I will cover in the financial analysis later on.In addition the letter offers an audited governments internal control and compliance with legal requirements were in shoes. The letter also includes a profile of the city, stating the population, geographical location of the city, a section about the city ofCarlsbad community vision, budget process that explains priority projects for the city, and budgetary controls. Followed by factors affecting financial condition, in this section there are stinting profile, long term financial planning, and cash management. Economic profile covers economic strengths and weakness of the city, the city shows improvement in most of its General fund taxs, and is expecting to append by $ 2.3 gazillion or 2.1 percent in fiscal year 2011-12, also weakness in residential housing market bear on by airplane propeller tax and 0.2 percent decrease is anticipated in coming year (C ity of Carlsbad, n.d.)One of the leading factors to the economic crisis in the United States was the housing market, this had affected Carlsbad negatively, house prices fell like many cities in the country, 8 percent in Carlsbad compare to last year, and the following is a graph showing the wind in housing prices in the city (City of Carlsbad, n.d.)Long term financial planning is states that it is the Citys Councils goal to ensure that they city dust in good financial health, and the city has taken a number of steps to attain this goal, setting forth Growth Management Plan, the plan was choose by the citizens, the plan ensures that all the necessary public facilities are either constructed along with development or that a financing plan is in place to pay for the facilities prior to the development of the property ,to ensure this plan is effective, an Infrastructure Replacement Fund was created, this fund sets aside money on a each year basis for major maintenance and replacemen t of its infrastructure(City of Carlsbad, n.d.).The creation of this fun is a brilliant idea, so when the time come to make the necessary improvement the city would have the money ready, and it would not have to transfer money from other governmental funds. As the economy expected to slowly recover, and provide to support to the largest persuasion of our economy, the housing market. The General fund revenue will continue to cover the ongoing cost as seen in the following graph (City of Carlsbad, n.d).The last part of the letter was informative about cash management, major initiatives and projects. The cash management section covers the investment programs, its procedures as well as its objectives. The major initiativesand projects section goes in to detail about the upcoming projects, it also provides developments and the maintenance of these projects that are designed to strengthen and improve the community. Followed by the letter of transmittal are the Awards and acknowledgments, the government finance officers association of the United States and Canada (GFOA) awarded the city of Carlsbad the certificate of achievement for excellence in financial reporting to the city of Carlsbad for its CAFR. (City of Carlsbad, n.d.). A webpage called Carlsbadistan which is dedicated to new, events, and all things Carlsbad, stated that city of Carlsbad had been awarded for the 11th time the GFOA during 2009, with this CAFR dating June, 30 2011, this award would be the 12th award received by the city.The Introductory section concludes with a list of the citys elected officials, leadership team, chairpersons, commissions and boards, and finally an organization chart of electorate. I found the introductory section and the information presented to be very well put, educational, short to read and follow, the statistical numbers presented in the economic section, the cash management and investments were informative. This city has earned the 12th GFOA awards received, because t hey simplified yet very complex information that is presented year after year in the CAFR.Financial AnalysisThe financial section of the CAFR for the city of Carlsbad lists and analyzes the components of financial information for the city, which helps the reader understand the financial condition of the city for the year ended and the projected budgetary for the following year. This section includes Independent Auditors report, Managements Discussion and Analysis (MD&A), and financial analysis of the citys funds. The Independent Auditors report main aspiration is to examine the financial information presented in the citys financial statements, the independent auditors concluded the citys governmental activities, business-type activities, and each major fund was represented in a fair matter, also in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles as of June 30, 2011. MD&A part includes an overview of financial statements, with a chart of the statements, it is informative ab out the type of financial statements such as Government-Wide financial statements (which are intended to provideaggregated overview of a governments net assets and changes in net assets) (Wilson, E.R., Reck, J.L., & Kattelus), and fund financial statements, I thought it breaks down and simplifies the purpose of these statements in financial reporting.Particularly in the Changes in net assets, this has general overview revenues and expenses from 2010-2011, with 11.5% decline from previous year, 2011 revenue is 217.2 (governmental activities 152.4 and Business-type activities), while expenses 26.1 had an increase of 1.4 %( governmental activities 21.8 and Business activities 4.3). The chart for sources of revenue can be found in this section, the following are the sources of revenue for fiscal year 2010-2011 amounted to $217.2 Million, the breakdown was as followed Contributions from property owners 11%, property taxes 26%, income from property & investments 5%, other taxes 4%, sales taxes 4% federal aid 4%, and finally the biggest contributor to revenue was charges for services 31%(City of Carlsbad, n.d.)The following is an overview of the Governmental and Business- type activities on page 25. Governmental activities had an increase in net assets of $21.8 Million, the increase was generated by total revenues of governmental activities of $ 152.2 Million ( $42.7 one thousand million in program revenues and $109.5 million in general revenues) offset by $130.3 million in total costs of governmental activities and $ 135,000 transfer to the solid drive off fun ( City of Carlsbad, n.d.) And for those who are visual learner like me, here is the visual aid to show the breakdown of the Governmental activities program revenues and expenses (City of Carlsbad, n.d.)Business-type Activities components are urine, play course, wastewater, and solid waste, for these program revenues totaled $56.5 million for the year, and functional expenses $60.8 million(City of Carlsbad, n.d.). Financial Analysis of the citys funds provides information regarding Governmental funds and copyrighted funds. Governmental funds are near-term, inflows, outflows and balances of spendable resources that are essential for assessing the citys financing requirements. Under the Governmental funds one can find the General fund statement of revenue, expenditures, and changes in fund balance, the citys revenue and expenditure for 2011 were as followed Revenues saw an increase of 2.6% from previous year, total $111.6 Million, largest element of the revenue was taxes at $95.5 Million. WhereasExpenditures largest element was public safety $44.2 Million, total expenses were 102.1 an there was an increase 1.0%. Ending fund balance in the statement was $130.4Million (City of Carlsbad, n.d.).As for the purpose Proprietary Funds in addition to operating revenues and expenses, is to provide short and long term financial information about the citys Business-type activities, the operating r evenues were $35.1 Million which exceeded operating expenses that were $747,000, this increase was due to the increase in water sales revenue to rates (City of Carlsbad, n.d.). This increase has a bitter sweet side to it, in one hand in revenue is a sign that the city is doing great under light of this depressive economy, on the other hand citizens of this could use a break from these increasing rates. Before moving on to the statements the city listed the contact information for the citys financial management for questions about CAFR.Notes to financial Statements begin on page 59 of the report, it includes when the city was incorporated, a description and scopes of the reporting entity which have several components, I consider it a great way of presenting a conclusion for the report, it presents some of the information presents earlier in the report, such as Governmental wide and fund financial statements, the notes states why they reported and how they were reported. Also lists th e type of the governmental funds included in the report such as general funds, and redevelopment debt service funds, as a reader I appreciated how each of these funds were defined and actually listed. In addition a list of the enterprise fund were introduced in this section, describing what they are for example Carlsbad municipal water district, golf course, waste water, and so on, and where are those funds allocated.Financial StandingOverview of the citys financing over the past 10 fiscal days shows that the city has been doing great, and is experiencing a growth considering the tough economic situation the country has been facing, looking at the total net assets supports that growth. In 2002, city of Carlsbad had $740,000 in total net assets, while in 2011 the total net assets were $17Million (Carlsbad CAFR 2011, 120) I think one of the main reasons the economy in this city is holding up comparatively well, is due to the housing market, the city location is the main factor why a lot of home buyers gravitate towardsit.ConclusionThe CAFR for the city of Carlsbad was exceptionally interesting, informative, and at large(p) to read and follow. Now wonder this city has earned the GFOA for consecutive 12 years. The introductory, financial and statistical sections had graphs and charts to explain and show how funds for this city was spent, which more so help the visual learners in the public to grasp the complicated accounting components of the report.References1- The city of Carlsbad CAFR webpagehttp//www.carlsbadca.gov/services/departments/finance/Documents/2011%20CAFR.pdf 2- Carlsbadistan web pagehttp//www.carlsbadistan.com/?p=56233- Accounting for Governmental and Nonprofit Entities(15th edition) 4- APA Reference Guidehttp//datel200.nu.edu/web/documents/APA.pdf

Continuity & Change Over Time Essay

During the time degree between 600 and 1750, economic and social continuities and changes impacted Western Europe immensely. One particular economic alteration was the correct of feudal manoralism, prevalent in the early medieval era, as a result of the restoration of commerce following the Crusades. An some other major change was the socioeconomic impact of the season of Exploration circa 1500, which would establish European Hegemony. While economic transforma-tions occurred throughout Western Europe, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church was continuous despite fluctuations in its authority.After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE, Western Europe became divided into the Germanic Kingdoms that characterized the Middle Ages. Trade languished during this time as a result of the constant warfare (feuds) and political instability that ensued after the fall of Rome. For this reason, self-sufficient manors managed by local warlords developed. Rigid social stratification define d the period with a hierarchy comprised of Kings, Noblemen, Knights and peasantry. Socially, living conditions were unfavorable, and the Black Plague ran rampant devastating the European populace circa 1350. Between 1100 and 1300, Western Europeans embarked upon a series of religious quests against Muslims, know as the Crusades. European soldiers fighting in the Middle East were intrigued by foreign goods and the Muslim preservation of long forgotten authoritative ideals. Amazed at such riches and ideas, they returned home to introduce and expose Western Europeans to what they had disc all overed.As a result, commerce was resumed and interregional trade networks were created to obtain foreign luxury goods that were at increase demand. Fortunately the war had forged European contacts with the Middle East via the Mediterranean Sea, which allowed for merchandise to be acquired from lands as far as China without extended voyages. As trade once again began to flourish, Europe saw the r esist of manoralism.This was due to the rise in the merchant class which challenged the power of the Aristocracy, thereby weakening their influence. change magnitude business in port cities caused urbanization in several areas in addition to an emerging middle class. Burgeoning trade and economic prosperity allowed for the resurgence of Greco-Roman intelligence and culture in what is known as the Renaissance, which spanned from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century.In the midst of the Renaissance, world trade was prosperous and vast. Nations established personal promise through the commercial contacts that they established. In an effort to shorten certain trading routes and obtain a more surmountable amount of natural resources, many nations entered the Age of Exploration circa 1500. Christopher Columbus, in an effort to discover a more efficient route from Western Europe to India, accidently unearthed the the Statess in 1492. His discovery led many other European nations to pu rsue imperialistic endeavors in what had become known as the New World. Two Spanish conquistadors, Cortez and Pizarro, made a profound impact on the areas they conquered in the New World. In Mexico, the native Aztecs were overpowered by Cortez deplumates.A majority fell ill from susceptibility to European diseases, while the rest were placed into positive labor systems. Similar fates were bestowed upon the Incas subjected to Pizarros control. The Spanish created these colonies as a source of raw materials and cheap labor to support their expanding economic endeavors. To assert control over the native populations, the encomienda and mita systems were utilized. These systems, originally devised as a means of converting natives to Christianity, were in reality, inhumane, harsh organizations that devastated local populations. Through coercive labor systems and colonization, European nations were able to lay the pedestal they needed to attain hegemony during this time period.Between 6 00 and 1750, the Roman Catholic Church continued to play a constant role in Western Europe. During the feudal period, the church developed its strong authority due to the decentralized political nature of Western Europe. In this instance Christianity acted as a unifying force amongst the several divided kingdoms of the age. Upon entry into the Crusades in 1095, the Churchs influence was at its peak as European soldiers rallied in opposition to Muslim forces move on on Byzantine territory. Those whofought returned from the conflict to spark interests in worldly luxury products and thought laying foundation for the European golden age or Renaissance. rational movements spurred by Renaissance thought led many to question the morality of the Catholic Church, specifically in regards to the sale of indulgences.Martin Luther, a Catholic monk, witnessed firsthand the plenteous way in which clergy were allowed to live due to their increased secular power. He strongly disapproved of their practices and pursued reform through his 95 theses. The Churchs tribulation to comply with his proposals resulted in his decision to begin the Protestant Reformation. This division in the Catholic Church combined with an increase in monarchal authority temporarily decreased the churchs influence. Circa 1500, the Age of Exploration transmitted material goods as well as cultural and spiritual ideals.The Spanish conquistadors who conquered regions of Latin America instilled upon the natives their Roman Catholic faith thus replacing their polytheistic worship. What at first was evidence of religious exploitation, as seen in the coercive labor systems established, was alter into a force of social stability that dominated everyday life. The spread of Christianity to the New World once again established the Catholic Church as a religious authority with substantial influence.Economic and social patterns between 600 and 1750 were transformed due to several changes and continuities througho ut Western European society. The European decline in feudalism was impacted immensely by the resurgence in commercial activities following the Crusades. The prosperity that ensued from increased world contacts laid the foundation for burning explorers to trail their ambitions during the Age of Exploration. Their discoveries and conquests would then establish European Hegemony at the expense of many aboriginal people subjected to coercive labor. Throughout this time the Roman Catholic Church continually held a place in society despite fluctuations in their authority and support.

Role that People’s Bank is playing in distributing these insurance services

Peoples bank can be regarded as a middle level distributor in the insurance services sector. The company informs people about insurance products and then directs them to those receptive insurance companies. However, the consumers are entitled to finical discounts in if they buy insurance as Peoples consumers. (Peoples, 2008) Length of the chain that the bank uses to distribute its own invoice product For its own chronicle products, People has a very short chain.This is because most of the distributing agents are actually employees of the company. However, there are certain aspects that do not incorporate this short chain. For instance, in the credit card section of their product offering, the company works hand in hand with credit card companies to distribute the product. (Peoples, 2008) Description of origin attitude of Peoples Bank People utilizes a variety of service distribution outlets to access clients.For instance, the company utilizes direct retailing where sales men s tain consumers directly. In other instances, the company embraces online banking as method of distributing their services. This method has been found to be quite efficient because it accesses the client immediately, facilitates efficient communication and encourages effectiveness of the banking process. This channel has become a source of peoples channel positioning strategy because it is an aspect that many clients identify the company with. Peoples, 2008) Peoples unique value proposition People provides itself in offering it clientele services at an efficient and speedy manner. The company has a variety of accounting options that can be conducted online thus creating a convenient way of doing things. Some of the activities that have been streamlined through online banking include, unconditional ones money, managing home finances, controlling stock or ones business accounts.

Father of Science Fiction: H. G. Wells

H. G. rise is the True convey of comprehension legend At the very end of the Victorian Era, there emerged a homo of literature the likes of which the world had never before seen. Some know him best as an English figmentist, though virtually of his live ons were not novels. Some rallying cry him a policy-making and affectionate commentator, due to the didactic fores in many a(prenominal) of his works. Due to inclusion of the social and natural scientific disciplines in his works, he is overly cognise as a popularizer of knowledge.His devotion to the development and establishment of prox studies as a science most surely garnered him the reputation as an earlyish futurist. His pervasive influence in the development of the science allegory genre is indisputable. However it was his masterful weaving together of futurism and speculative fiction into a case-by-case body of work dedicated to the future of mankind that earns H. G. well the title of The Father of acquain tance Fiction. Herbert George rise was born in Bromely, Kent, England in family line of 1866, the son of a maid and a professional cricketer.When he was eight years old Wells broke his leg and began reading library books to snap the meter, stimulating his desire to write. He attended a number of schools byout his early life, acquiring an xtensive background in physics, astronomy, and chemistry. He regular(a) studied biological science under Thomas Henry Huxley at the Royal College of Science, acquiring extensive cognition in the theories of evolution. Joining the school Debating Society nurtured his interest toward social issues and re take form.Wells considered himself a socialist and was a member of the Fabian Society that take ond other much(prenominal) historied members as George Bernard Shaw and Virginia Woolf. At that time he also founded The Science School Journal, allowing him a forum to develop his pen for literature, expressing his iews on parliamentary law an d perfecting his burgeoning fiction. by and by doing some teaching, he eventually graduated from The University of London with a Bachelors of Science in zoology. His prolific writing career that followed let ind hundreds of works over the span of fifty years.His talent for combining the possibilities of science and technology in the form of fictional stories that became known as science fiction or as the genre was known in Britain at the time, the scientific romance. Science fiction as a modern literary genre is distinguished by its use of real cientific ideas and concepts to form a novel that is plausible within a futuristic or alternative-world setting. The fantastic elements of science fiction are largely possible within the realm of scientific theory and fact.This differentiates science fiction from other speculative genres such as fantasy and horror in that those works are not concerned with scientific and technological possibility. Even Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1818), th ough certainly innovative in using themes of science fiction, is more accurately classified as a horror novel. Horror and fantasy genres also outline rom science fiction in that they include magical and supernatural elements that are absent from the realistic and logical science fiction genre.Though some story elements of sci-fi can be purely imaginary, accurate depictions of science and technology are utilise to tormulate realistic conjectures ot the tuture, or even alternative timelines of the present or past. What distinguishes H. G. Wells from earlier seeds who delve into themes of modern science fiction is that he studied science as a primary disciplinary field and utilise his knowledge in a literary fashion, focusing on scientific and technological plausibility. All of Wells scientific romances contain realistic elements that are based on applied scientific methodology and knowledge.Some of these include such famous works as The Time Machine (1895), The Invisible Man (1897 ), and The War of the creations (1898). Though Wells is considered the Father of Science Fiction, it is very much argued that Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is the first work that could be considered true science fiction. Many of the innovative themes use by Mary Shelley definitely fall into the realm of modern science fiction. Never before had any story been written approximately a man of science (the term scientist was not yet coined and would not be until 1834) that performs experiments in a laboratory.Written as a response to the recent Industrial Revolution, Shelley uses fantastical scientific innovations to explore the moral and estimable consequences of technology, a device used by nearly all modern science fiction sources, including Wells. However, unlike Wells, Shelleys works include precious little in the way of actual scientific fact or theory, leaving the audience to speculate about their plausibility. Her teaching, though broad and advanced for a oman of the Romantic era, was in literary studies and included no instruction in the natural or physical sciences.Her sources were limited to discussions with her peers of earlyl 9th century experiments in vivisection and galvanism, the latter of which is an antiquated term for the rousing of muscles by electric current, applied in the case of Frankenstein to the reanimation of dead tissue. Her scientific education is in contrast to Wells, who had an extensive educational background in the sciences. Although Shelleys science is neither plausible nor the main focus of her story, its ealistic nature made Frankenstein truly frightening to her audience, which was her intention in using such scientific elements.Shelley had originally conceived the work as a horror story, thus her themes of science fiction become secondary to the theme of horror as the focus of the work. She inspired the archetype of the hulk that followed in literature and film. Though Shelleys idea of using science merged with fiction wa s innovative for the time and implemented by later writers (including Wells, and not for other 80 years), Frankensteins designation as science fiction remains ncillary to that as a landmark novel of the horror genre.The title of The Father of Science Fiction has also been applied to popular French writer Jules Verne, but is more accurately applied to H. G. Wells. While certainly a brilliant and talented writer that heavily influenced science fiction as a genre of literature, Vernes novels can easily be disputed as works of true science fiction. some(prenominal) like Shelleys Frankenstein, the works of Verne contain elements and themes that are considered scientific but accessory to his primary literary theme.Much anxiety is given to Vernes Voy get on withs Extraordinaires, a series of fifty-four stories hich include such famous works as Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), From the Earth to the Moon (1865), and Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea (1869). At the time of th eir publication, the technological advancements present in Vernes works had been extrapolated by him to aid in his fantastic voyages, but would soon atter become scientific realities. This earned him the reputation ot universe a technological prophet, a reputation also held by Wells.Some of his prophecies that came true include the electric submarine, the helicopter, and a projectile to carry passengers to the moon. Although Vernes scientific prophecies were at clock more grounded in reality than those of Wells, they were made almost primarily in the area of transportation, unlike Wells, whose prophecies were made in multiple areas of science. The argument can be made that Verne himself inspired these technological advancements. Many pioneering submarine, aviation and rocketry innovators have credited Verne as the inspiration for their successful inventions. However, Jules Verne was in no way a scientist. He was educated as a lawyer and studied geography, the latter of which inspi red him to write his stories of disaster and travel. Verne argued incessantly that his stories were not meant to be read scientifically, and even give tongue to l do not in any way pose as a scientist2. The science he did use in his stories was well researched Verne often spent time in the company of the best contemporary scientists of his day, consulting them on possibilities of future technology that he could realistically yet fantastically apply to his adventure stories.While not all science fiction writers are scientists, the case of whether Verne or Wells is The Father of Science Fiction can favor Wells as the true Father when its argued hat Wells scientific educational background gives him credibility and authority. His use of scientific elements as the primary theme of his works (unlike Verne, whose science was used as an auxiliary to the theme of adventure) makes him more deserving of the title. Also, Vernes title of technological prophet passed to Wells because of his ded ication not Just to science but also the serious exploration and inquiry of the future.In 1901, H. G. Wells wrote a book called Anticipations of the Reactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human Life and Thought which is onsidered the first comprehensive and astray read survey of future developments in the short history of predictive writing3. Wells was not the first person to take seriously the involve of the future, but rather he had access to a vast amount of early speculative writings, including some utopian novels that explored the future state of society, that he combine into a single body of work.With the development of scientific thought during the 18th and 19th centuries and the movement of scholars away from religious apocalyptic future inquiry, scholarly mentation and literature that ealt with general human progress instead of eschatology began to emerge. The development of social sciences that studied human interaction showed predictive power when applie d to how future society might develop. Many 19th century novelists such as William Morris synthesized sociology with speculative fiction perfecting the utopian novel that gives an image of an ideal society set in the future.Earlier works inherited by Wells that included futurist themes often had a different purpose than the actual scientific study of the future such as exploring God and nterpreting history. In Anticipations, all the early tendencies toward future thought were combine by Wells into the first volume of work that gave complete attention to futurist ideas and systematically explored the future. Like the works of Verne, Anticipations investigates the future of transportation, accurately predicting major highways and interstates as well as the prevalence of motor vehicles.He accurately predicts the rise ot suburb and huge metropolises as an enormous unbroken sprawls of middle-class life. The book also dwells extensively on the future of world rder and government, even predicting the formation of the European Union. After the publication of the book, the Royal Institution requested a put forward on future study, which he published under the name The Discovery of the Future (1902). The lecture calls for a whole new science to establish an ordered and working vision of the future, and is known to this day to be the birth of future studies.Wells continued this theme with other works dedicated to the future such as A Modern Utopia 1905), The Future in America (1906), What is Coming? (1916), A Year of Prophesying (1925), The portion of Homo Sapiens (1939) and many, many more. His work The Shape of Things to Come (1933) is a fictional outline of future history, the title a phrase coined by Wells that has been used countless times and is still used today. The term foresight used in Anticipations was also coined by Wells.Wells other accurate future predictions include lasers, cell phones, the Internet, and the atomic bomb (a phrase he used in his book T he World Set Free 1914 to describe the bombs that would not be demonstrable until the 1930s). The attention that Wells gave to surveying the future not nly established future studies as a legitimate science, but also helped firmly established future thought as a major theme of science fiction. Before Wells published Anticipations, he published his first and most well-known novel The Time Machine (1895).The story features a scientist known only as The Time Traveler who built a device that can move through time. This device is known as a time machine, a term coined by Wells and still used to this day in telephone extension to such a device. The Time Traveler Journeys forward in time almost 800,000 years and meets a peaceful society of child-like humans known as the Eloi. He also meets the frightening race of Morlocks that live underground and are keepers of the technology that achieve the above-ground serenity.The Time Traveler also soon learns that the Morlocks feed on the Eloi, an d that their technology is used to keep the Eloi passive. He comes to the conclusion that the two races are a product of Darwinian evolution and the large gap between the social classes of British society. He speculates that the Eloi were once the leisure class, and due to their conquest of nature with technology they have become feeble in an environment where intelligence and intensity level are no onger necessary for survival. He also speculates that the Morlocks are descendants of the oppressed working class.This application of Darwins theories as a literary motif echoes Wells education under Huxley who was known as Darwins Bulldog. Before publication of The Time Machine, the premise of time travel as a plot device had been used very little. There were some old folk tales and less than a handful of modern fictional works that had included time travel. The idea was certainly popularized by Wells and considered the inspiration of all later science fiction works that feature time t ravel. Like Anticipations, it also established time settings in the future as a major element of science fiction.Wells is the first author to use modern science fiction elements to compose social and political commentary. The Time Machine famously illustrates the possible future consequences of a stratified society that becomes too dependent on technology and will be subjugate to a form of extreme social Darwinism. In The War of the Worlds, Wells examines Victorian attitudes and values. In his story of Martians attempting to colonize Earth and exterminate humans, Wells provides an imaginative vehicle tor ommentary on British Imperialism.Wells also explores morality and technological ethics, specifically within the realm of vivisection and genetic engineering in his novel The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896). The use of science in a fictional setting to make a didactic point is a reoccurring theme in Wells scientific romances. It has since then became a major literary device in modern sc ience fiction works to explore the impact of technology on society and humanity. In his best-known and most influential work, 2001 A Space Odyssey (1968), British author Arthur C.Clarke explores the moral and hilosophical implications surrounding technology and artificial intelligence, evolution, and alienate life. Clarke was strongly influenced by Wells he was even vice president of the H. G. Wells Society. The British author C. S. Lewis was a champion of science fiction that is philosophically reflective and includes a moral point. He created his cosmic Trilogy as a direct influence by H. G. Wells, citing his novel The First Men in the Moon (1901) as the best sort of science fiction I have read4.Out of the Silent Planet (1938), the first book in Lewis trilogy, is so similar to The First Men in the Moon that the opening age says Certain slighting references to earlier stories of this type which will be found in the following pages have been put there for purely dramatic purposes. The author would be sorry if any reader supposed he was too stupid to have enjoyed Mr. H. G. Wells fantasies or too ungrateful to acknowledge his debt to them. 5 Wells influence on science fiction extends to many more authors, including British science fiction author Olaf Stapledon.Stapledon himself was a heavily influential writer, contributing many ideas to the genre of science fiction. Stapledon and Wells orresponded for over a decade, both creating ideas together and borrowing from each other. In his book The Billion Year Spree, Brian Aldiss calls Stapledon the greatest of Wells following6. Wells science fictional reach extended beyond the sphere of British authors and diffused quickly to America, where his influence can be seen in such notable science fiction authors as Isaac Asimov and Robert Heinlein.During the 19th and 20th centuries, when the idea of the utopia as story element began to have a prominent place in literature, Wells himself wrote a number of utopian novels su ch as A Modern Utopia (1905) and Men Like Gods (1923). Wells progresses the idea of the utopia with his novel The Time Machine by turning the theme into an anti-utopia point of view. He illustrates the seemingly utopian society of the Eloi, and upon the discovery of the violent Morlocks, the world transforms into a horrifying dystopia.In his novel When the Sleeper Wakes (1899) about a man who falls asleep for two hundred years and wakes up in the future, Wells gives definitive form to the dystopia as a science fiction theme. This theme was taken up by later authors, most notably the British authors George Orwell and Aldous Huxley in their amous novels Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and Brave New World (1932) respectively. These two novels have been explicitly touted by their authors as directly influenced by the works of Wells, and have in turn influenced many other authors, works, philosophers, thinkers, and even nations and governments.The exertion of H. G. Wells in the development of science fiction as a respected and important literary genre is unquestionable. His background as a scientist combined with his adept queries on futuristic ideas provided a springboard into an illustrious and intluential literary career His creative inventions ot science fiction themes such as the time travel, alien invasions, and invisible men have taken their place as staples of sci-fi literature.This, along with his numerous coined terms, technological prescience and populizing of proto-science fiction themes into mainstream literature designate Wells as the most important science fiction writer the genre has ever seen. And when his pervasive influence on future science fiction writers is regarded along with his other contributions, the only conclusion that remains is that H. G. Wells is the true Father of Science Fiction. Works Cited Wells, H. G. Anticipations of the Reactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human Life and Thought.

Obesity Essay

One in every three Americans is obese. Worthy of nonice is the statistical record screening that in the United States, roughly 300,000 deaths per year are directly related to obesity (http//www. medicinenet. com/obesity_ lading_loss/page6. htm, 2003). This is alarming. The present day is perfectly described as a intersection of Mcdonaldization. In exclusively walks of life, fast food restaurants are visible. This is a fact which greatly affects the health conditions of citizens particularly at an early age. One thing is referable to this people are not walking enough and people are not forciblely working enoughWorthy of notice are the personal effects of less walk and less forcible operation. These include obesity and overweight. Obesity and overweight issues has been a subject of many inquiries instantly. To define the two may be useful to distinguish one from the other. Obesity is simply one having excess fats in the body. Overweight on the other hand is one having excess weight over and above than the normal relative to ones sex, gender and height (http//www. naturesintentionsnaturopathy. com/weight-loss/facts. htm, no year). More often than not, only cases of obesity result to conglomerate physical or health trouble ((http//www. annecollins. om/ recur_weight/overweight. htm, no year)).But why tackle on both issues? both obesity and overweight hand over physical and social adverse impact in day to day activities. First, on overweight. Experience tells us that having an overweight body is physically heavy to carry. Thus, oversized individuals tend to work less and move less. Resulting as it does to becoming more overweight and eventually becoming obese. Second, on obesity. Obesity, being a health dilemma may result to chronic diseases including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, stroke, heart attack, cancer osteoarthritis, to name a few (http//www. medicinenet. om/obesity_weight_loss/page6. htm, 2003).More importantly, obesity decreases life expectancy (http//www. annecollins. com/lose_weight/overweight. htm, no year). This is because studies show that obesity is associated with several diseases leading to early death. Caveat to all is the fact that not all overweight are obese and that not all obese are overweight. Thus, health problems associated with obesity may not be present in individuals who are merely overweight. nevertheless, it can be observed that resolution to obesity is not in any way a hindrance. It does not have any adverse effect on the health of indidividuals, whether young or old.The way of resolving the problem is to first determine the causes. What causes obesity and overweight? One major reason of obesity and overweight is laziness. This means the refusal of one person to transport ones self from home to gym. Research shows that over 34% of female and 12% of male adolescents take to age for leisure physical activity during a one-week period (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social_influences_on_fitne ss_behavior, no year). Moreover, present leisure among teenagers and youngsters are focused on accessing computers and the internet. Thus, having little time or worst, no time at all for any physical activity.Considering these causes, attention may now be focused on resolving the problem. First is the Wellness on Wheels in England (WOW). England created a mobile gym with electronic fitness monitoring equipment. This was resorted to because of there is greater probability for individuals to involve in physical activity. Second is the Walking School busbar project. This was initiated by the Heritage Elementary School in San Diego. This allows the students to walking to their respective designated spots for purposes of waiting for people for a train of people to pick them up.This gives the students the prospect to walk along with their peers in going to school (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social_influences_on_fitness_behavior, no year). In this way, children at an early age are alre ady exposed to physical activity. Because we have to remember that obesity starts at an early age. It is but proper that solution or shall I say measure should likewise start at these ages. Both these projects boil down into one, physical activity or physical exercise. As said, people are not walking enough people are not physically working enoughWalking and physical exercise of 30 minutes a day, for three days a week can lose up to a quarter-pound of fat a week. Constant activity could lose 12 to 15 pounds of fat from exercise alone. Take note, this is permanent solution (http//www. annecollins. com/lose_weight/overweight. htm, no year) as opposed to drastic ones. Constant physical activity and exercise such as walking help burn calories (http//www. medicinenet. com/obesity_weight_loss/page6. htm, 2003). More importantly, the United States is nowadays focusing projects in reducing obesity starting at early childhood.Thus, schools are the subject of various projects not only dealing with physical activity but on the health diet as well (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ObesityEnvironmental_factors, no year). This is amazing but true. Thus, it is highly encouraged for people to take time to walk and participate in an activity which requires movement of the body, the best way being is walking. More importantly, notice should be given that prevention is better than cure. Thus, prevention particularly at an early age should be given particular attention.

John Donne’s The Funeral Essay

As with most poets of his time, Donne was obsessed with death. Mesmerized by its mysteries, charmed by its allure, and convinced of the existence of an afterlife (as a result of Christian theology), he finds himself at times unable to settle on a particular overhear of the subject. While a considerable portion of Donnes opus deals with death either directly or indirectly, approximately poems depict death as undistinguished while others present it as something he, and therefore humans, should fear. As a Christian, Donne believed (although perhaps did not understand) the concept of an afterlife. This conviction is shown by his understanding of death as a necessary stage before reaching the glory of heaven, the promised life with God (http//www.luminarium.org/s thus farlit/oliver.htm).John Donnes The Funeral is a sonnet of strong emotions. The writer is leaving slow psyche he loved and who loved him greatly. The Funeral is a way for him to say good-bye, to end this love the best wa y he knows how.The poem begins with a adduce to the subtle wreath of pig which crowns my arm (3). This small braid was app bently a tradition from the Renaissance era where a woman would give a braid of her hairs-breadth to the man she loved. He requests that it should be left alone because it is what completeshim, his outward soul (5). He seems to have made this small symbol of her mettle everything he is about. He says he is leaving it to control and to keep her from dying. How does a small circlet of hair keep her active? He is keeping her essence, her spirit, and her memory alive by keeping a part of her with him when he crosses over to the other side.Donne mentions that These hairs which upward grew, and strength and art/ Have from a fail brain (12-3). The hair the woman gave him is strong and beautiful, but from something better. She seems to be from a higher and better stature than he is so just the fact that he has this braid of hair from her, he feels noteworthy. I tak e the statement Can better do it except she meant that I/ By this should know my pain (14-5) to mean that he better remember her when he is gone, unless he knows how much pain he is going to be going through when he dies. Donne continues, As prisoners then be manacled, when theyre condemned to die (16). His death will mean the loss of her, so the pain he will experience could mean the heartache a prisoner feels having to move over his or her previous life once sentenced to death. A prisoners life is over as soon as they are given their hex just as a individuals life is concluded when they die.The third stanza brings him back to where he started, the bracelet of hair. He doesnt care what her intentions are or were behind the hair, all he wants to assure is that it will be with him when he is laid to rest. The man states that he is Loves martyr (19) and that if some other person happens to stumble on the hair, it might breed idolatry (19). The fact that he has the idea that this s mall braid of hair could create someone to adore it supports the theory that this woman was more than just an average person was. She must have been of some importance in order for him to want to nurture it so carefully. He calls the hair a relic, which is a part of the body, clothing, or other belongings of a saint, martyr, or other deceased holy person which is carefully preserved as an object of veneration. The use of the word relic helps support the belief of the womans significance.The last two lines of the sonnet are what drive home the impression that whoever this woman was, she was important. So tis some bravery, / Thatsince you would save none of me, I bury some of you (23-4). She didnt keep anything that would remind her of him, and just with some courage, he is able to bury this small token with him. Another interpretation says that save used to be printed as have which suggests a cozy relationship. This would mean that she didnt want him in the same way he wanted her, it takes audacity for him to keep something of hers with him for the rest of time.He was very over prophylactic of the slight braid of hair that he obtained from this female. It is as if he had a small part of a celebrity that he didnt want anyone else to even have the opportunity to see. It is hard to draw any definite conclusions about who this woman was and what the relationship between she and he exactly boils down to. It is safe to feign however that she was at least of some relevance to him and he was consumed with even the idea of her.

Public Fiscal Administration Essay

Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance shifts emphasis international from narrow sparing factors to much than than than broadly defined political and administrational factors that affect goernment constitution and national debt. This collection brings together immature theoretical models, empirical evidence, and a series of in-depth case studies to go the effect of political institutions, fiscal regulations, and policy decisions on accumulating deficits. It provides a fascinating overview of the political and economic issues snarled and highlights the federal representation of budgetary institutions in the formation of budget deficits.While our roundtable considered differences betwixt two areas as points of departure, we believe the principles identified in our exchanges apply to other province environments as well. In fact, a major(ip) objective of this paper is to further other shows to consider these questions in light of their own policies and performance. These are the refer questions our roundtable participants suggested that any resign should ask as it look tos to improve the performance of its high procreation institutions in advancing populace priorities.1. To what extent has a narrate defined the open purposes it abides high education institutions to assistance accomplish? Are the purposes a country seeks to achieve through its colleges and universities clearly articulated? Do institutional leading and policy delineaters share a common understanding of those purposes? A first step for any state that seeks to improve the performance of its high education system is to pose and human beingsly debate a affection set of questions concerning that system What is the rationale that justifies a states spending for institutional appropriation, capital construction, or pecuniary aid? Is that rationale clearly defined? Is it consciously examined, debated, and reaffirmed at regular intervals in the arenas of globe policy ? Or have the arguments that justify a states expenditures for high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) education get going vestiges of a distant past, subject to differing memories and interpretations? A state requisites the political will to set the common agenda-to formulate clear definitions of the in the man eye(predicate) purposes it expects higher education institutions to suffice attain. As the c on the whole for of society itself evolve, the ends a state seeks to achieve through its colleges and universities can also change. For this reason, the question of higher educations role in advancing the public weal needs to berevisited periodically.At the same time, a state needs to assess how well the policies and programs currently in place actually achieve their intended goals. In the absence of such periodic reviews, states tend to increase their expectations of higher education institutions-to add tender expectations-without considering how the new expectations rela te to those in place from an earlier time. States essential also hold to maintain a poise between the evolution of their own public purposes on the one hand and the evolution of institutional goals on the other. A state that allows unspoken and implicit priorities to prevail over principles that are publicly debated and affirmed in effect accords more autonomy to institutions in pursuing their own directions. Ultimately, states that do not articulate their purposes may honor themselves maintaining institutions for reasons that are increasingly vague and ambiguous.2. How well do a states fiscal appropriation practices align with the mandates of its higher education policies? What combination of policy mandate and incentives is more or little good in actuate institutions toward the attainment of public purposes? Providing a rationale and framework for supporting higher education institutions is half the business confronting state policymakers. Through a combination of statut ory authority and resource allocation, a state must work to command that institutions fulfill the public purposes its policymakers have identified. The authority of educational policy derives from the constitutional baron of a states elected representatives. While respecting the operational flexibility of higher education institutions, these officials attention determine institutional priorities by establishing state policies.Beyond the mandate of policy, however, a state must be willing to appropriate the resources needed to achieve given purposes. A states budgetary appropriation to institutions is a most notice statement of public policy with regard to higher education by the amount and the kind of financial backing it provides, a state sends an diaphanous or implicit signal most its priorities for higher education. For reasons beyond its control, a state may sometimes fail to provide comfortable funding for institutions to carry out its public purposes to the extent or a t the level of quality it desires. While out of the blue(predicate) shortfalls in the budget are inevitable in some years, a state that systematically underfunds its higher education system loses some ability to limit institutions in terms of quality or direction.Ultimately, a state and its higher education system need to define what constitutes a reasonable exchange of harvest-feast for price. While some institutions prefer formula-driven or incremental increases in the funding they receive, public officials have from time to time sought to link a portion of an institutions funding to the achievement of a position objective, such as enrollment, retention, or degree completion. A state must exercise caution to meet that the funding incentives it establishes in fact motivate the behaviors it desires in institutions. The international perspective of our roundtable provided a telling example of the need for policymakers to ensure that the fulfillment of a public purpose falls wit hin the interests of institutions themselves. reciprocal ohm Africa, until recently, used the technique of penalizing institutions whose students did not achieve acceptable levels of performance. Rather than spurring institutions to foster heightened achievement in their existing student bodies, this policy often caused higher education institutions to seek higher-achieving students in order to stay off incurring penalty, in effect heightening the barriers to access for umteen students. The country is now finalizing a new funding system with incentives to institutions that improve the performance of lower-achieving students. Fiscal strategy is not the only means by which a state can influence institutional behavior. If designed carefully, with an awareness of what motivates institutions, however, the alignment of funding with the achievement of public purposes can be an telling means of change a states higher education performance.3. To what extent do a states tuition and financ ial aid policies get to increased higher education participation and completion? The amount of tuition charged at public institutions, in addition to state programs of financial aid and assistance, are central elements of a states fiscal policy. It sometimes occurs that a states public officials have not formulated an explicit policy regarding tuition, and in such instances, the very lack of specificity constitutes a policy decision. A primary winding lesson from the AIHEPS search and from experience in many other settings is the importance of need-based programs of financial aid and assistance to foster higher education participation and completion among the most needy. Financial aid is the area in which a states higher education policy intersects most upstandingly with federal programs the kinds of financial aid a statemakes available in conjunction with Pell Grants and other federal aid programs define the contours of affordability for students in that setting. two New Jerse y and New Mexico exemplify a pie-eyed dedication to access, and some(prenominal) take satisfying steps to ensure that financial need does not become a barrier to enrolling and completing a degree program in a college or university.In addition to its need-based programs of financial aid, New Mexicos commitment to access results in a remarkably low tuition at the states public institutions of higher education. The experience of many state policy environments makes clear, however, that low tuition in itself does not guarantee access for students. Particularly in sparsely populated settings, where higher education institutions may be a considerable distance from a students home, the decision to succeed college entails a round of financial commitments that low tuition in itself cannot help a student to meet. Need-based financial aid is a critical element for any state that seeks to enhance the participation of students who have limited financial means. integrity of the most notabl e developments during the past several years is the growth in programs that award aid on the basis of academic merit without regard for financial need. Georgias merit-based program of financial aid, destiny Outstanding Pupils Educationally (HOPE), has proven to be a model for similar programs in other states. In New Mexico, the merit-based Lottery Success Scholarship Program has become enormously public with voters, policymakers, and institutions alike.As with many other aspects of public policy, merit-based programs of financial aid tend to provide greatest benefit to members of the middle class. No elected public official can fail to perceive the political benefit of programs that are popular with the largest block of voters in a state. Merit-based aid programs exemplify a diametrical policy objective from that of providing financial assistance to the most needy. A states motivation in providing such aid is to encourage more of its highest-achieving students to remain in the st ate-first by enrolling in its higher education institutions, and then, ideally, by choosing to live and work in the state after graduation, thus enhancing a states educational capital. Merit-based programs have for sure succeeded in attracting more of the highest-achieving students to pursue their baccalaureate degrees in their home state in doing so, they have better many high-achieving, mostly middle-class students and their parents ofsubstantial costs they capability otherwise have incurred in care institutions out of state. Students of this type tend to have considerable mobility after graduation, however, and it is less clear whether merit-based programs encourage more of them to remain in a state after completing their degrees. Much of the controversy centers on the question of whether a states investment in merit-based financial aid occurs at the expense of its commitment to need-based aid.Most of those states that have invested in merit-based programs of aid during the pa st several years did not have strong historical commitments to need-based aid. In those cases, the introduction of merit-based aid has done no harm to students with greater financial need in fact, some needy students have benefited because they qualify for the merit-based programs. In states that have begun to blend merit-based with need-based commitments, however, it often appears that the call down of merit aid has diminished the perception of importance attached to need-based programs. Beyond the obvious political popularity of merit-based aid, a state must ask whether such programs yield a long-term benefit of supporting more of the best and brightest to remain in the state as workers and citizens. If the answer is no, the question then becomes whether the dollars expended in merit-based programs might be more effectively spent enhancing programs that enable more of those with greatest financial need to attend college.4. What role does the state port agency-typically either a h igher education disposal or organise board-play to ensure that a states higher education institutions conduct effectively to the achievement of public purposes? To what extent is institutional agency a factor in determining the responsibilities of institutions in fulfilling public purposes? nearly every state in the United States has one or more agencies that serve as intermediaries between a states lawmakers and its higher education institutions. The level of authority vested in a state porthole agency varies some states have a governing board with regulatory authority over public institutions, others a coordinating board that serves in primarily steering and oversight capacities. The notable exception to this rule is the four-year sector in Michigan, which has no formal embrasure agency. Michigans public universities avow on a council of presidents to achieve a unified approach in dealing with the states lawmakers.While presidents of four-year universities stand in accord on many issues, eachinstitution appeals individually to the law-makers and governor in the states budget process, and the amount of funding each institution receives is a direct function of its historical allocation, modestly adjusted by lobbying efforts. A state higher education interface agency can help reduce the inherent competition among public colleges and universities. In addition, an effective governing or coordinating board can play a vital role in making a states system of higher education more efficient, more successful, and more accountable in terms of educational performance. The interface agency itself must be accountable both to the public purposes a state has defined and to the needs of higher education institutions within the system it serves. An effective interface agency can encourage quislingism among institutions it can work in behalf of all colleges and universities to influence state government and it can gather and provide information that documents change s in performance. One of the underlying roles a governing or coordinating board plays is that of providing information that influences decision making both in state government and in individual institutions.The information disseminated by an interface agency can contribute intimately to the effectiveness of the states higher education system, helping to sustain the interest of institutional leaders and policymakers in performance. The periodic distribution of comparative data helps sharpen and renew public officials understanding of the purposes a state seeks to achieve through its higher education institutions, while also reminding institutional leaders of the criteria that poster an institutions performance. Indeed, the international perspective of the AIHEPS project makes clear that the presence or absence of information in a given environment is itself a policy issue. One of the major differences between higher education environments in the United States and Mexico is the ava ilability of information for evaluative or strategic purposes. In Mexico, the scarcity of information and the fact that most data are controlled by institutions often impede the work of improving the performance of higher education systems. While the gathering and distribution of information are burning(prenominal) functions of an interface agency, these roles in themselves will not ensure improvement in the performance of a states higher education system.An interface agency cannot be effective if it is a political weakling it needs some account of authority to motivate the behavior ofinstitutions toward desired ends, whether in the form of incentives or evidently the tenacious support of sensible decisions by the governor and Legislature. Certainly, the amount of resources available to an interface agency is an important part of the equation no statewide board can hope to be effective if it lacks sufficient funding and staff. Ideally, the effectiveness of an interface agency re sts on its power to influence elected policymakers and to craft policies and incentives that make the achievement of a states policy goals fall within the self-interest of institutions themselves. The interface agency often plays a central role in devising appropriate measures of institutional right that help to ensure compliance with a states policy objectives for higher education.Even though expenditures for higher education now constitute a smaller share of state budgets, state support of higher education has grown in real dollars during the past two decades, and public officials naturally seek to ensure that the dollars invested yield discernible results. In some settings, a states drive for institutional accountability has led to confrontations over such matters as faculty productivity or the assessment of student learning. The interface agency plays a critical role in any successful effort to conjoin public officials press for accountability with higher educations traditions of autonomy in the means of fulfilling its educational mission. An interface agency can help create accountability measures that provide a meaningful index of attainment in meeting a states goals for higher education. It can also ensure that probable reports of performance reach legislators and the general public on a timely basis. A state governing or coordinating board is by definition an agency that provides both support of and guidance to institutions as they pursue their individual strategic goals.Governing boards of individual colleges and universities can easily become captives of an institutions own ambitions, advocating those particular interests even at the expense of achieving broader state policy objectives. While affording institutions some measure of protection from the fluctuations of state politics, the interface agency helps ensure that individual institutions evolve in directions that are consistent with state policy goals. One of the issues an interface agency c an help address is the degree to which institutional mission should be a factor in the question of accountability to a states public purposes.Successful degree completion, for example, is a goal that has meaning to every higher education institution. notwithstanding should every institution be held equally accountable to a single graduation rate?Because institutions with different missions may serve different kinds of student populations, holding every institution equally accountable to a particular measure may prove neither efficient nor desirable. At the same time, institutional mission can easily come to reflect an institutions aspiration to grow in directions that do not meet the greatest public need. Just as a states expectations of higher education change over time, mission often becomes a moving target, changing to accommodate the institutions internally driven goals-such as implementing more selective undergraduate admissions, establishing graduate programs, or expanding sp onsored query programs-even if those purposes are fulfilled elsewhere in a states higher education system.The interface agency plays a critical role in facilitating a sustained interaction between a states policymakers and its higher education institutions. In so doing, it helps ensure the continued strength and adaptability of policies to which all institutions are held accountable. No higher education institution that benefits from public funding should get an automatic qualifying on its obligation to help fulfill the public agenda, but a state should not expect every institution to achieve particular purposes in the same way. Finally, it is fitting that a state should seek to hold institutions accountable for the what but certainly not the how of achieving public purposes.5. What steps has a state interpreted to build the infrastructure and encourage higher education institutions to collaborate-with one another, with K-12 schools, with business and industry-in order to foster t he goal of improved preparation as well as economic development? State policymakers play a key role in creating an environment that fosters quislingism between higher education institutions and other agents in areas that effect economic and civic vitality. As major stakeholders, colleges and universities contribute to and depend on the educational and economic well-being of a states population. The development of more concerted partnerships between these institutions and K-12 schools is a key element in improving students preparation for higher education study-and ultimately in increasing the outcome of students who pursue postsecondary education. By the same token, higher educations partnerships with business and industry can contributesubstantially to the benefits that a higher education confers. States in attractive geographic locations with fair climates can glean an educational and economic advantage simply because they draw many of the best and brightest from other settings .States that do not enjoy this advantage, however, must develop strategies to encourage higher education institutions to work with schools and other agencies, helping to maximize both college participation and the economic benefits higher education provides to a states population. Colleges and universities have the capacitor to improve both measures by working(a) in conjunction with a states primary and secondary schools as their principal supplier of students, as well as with business leaders, who employ substantial numbers of their graduates. A states most promising strategy in reproduction collaboration is to create a framework and statewide incentives that help coordinate local initiatives. In this, as in other dimensions of achieving a states public purposes, the levers of policy can help make collaboration with other stakeholders seem to be in the best interests of higher education institutions themselves. Part of a states challenge in promoting collaboration between higher education and K-12 institutions is to overcome substantial pagan barriers that exist between the two domains. Finally, the incentives a state creates for increased collaboration must be build on both sides, so that public schools and higher education institutions find their own interests served by working together.In general, it is community colleges as well as comprehensive universities with strong commitments to training teachers that are most highly attuned to the challenges of K-12 schools, and to the evolving set of skills that business and industry leaders seek in their workforce. It is also true that the more numerous the expectations a state places on its higher education institutions, the easier it becomes for institutions to escape responsibility for those goals they find less conducive to their own ambitions. States must create conditions that make it compelling for higher education institutions to work with K-12 schools in improving students preparation for college. E qually important is a states role in fostering institutional partnerships with business and industry to help maximize the benefits that higher education confers to a states residents. If institutions choose not to participate in the achievement of such purposes, states must devise means of encouraging compliance. A state that lacks themeans or the will to define and pursue its public priorities effectively accords its public institutions open license to pursue goals of their own choosing, with minimal regard to a states public purposes.

Stages through developmental psychology

The Life of Juan Leonardo from Birth Through Adolescence Diver University John Smith This report is establish on the adolescent life of Juan Leonardo, who is 17 years old and a senior in mellow School. I interviewed Jeans become Maria Leonardo. She weighs around 150 lbs and she is 55 inches tall. She has the ability to obtain and apply many are that she is loyal, she is devoted, she had an affectionate family upbringing, aspiring, ambitious and she has eternally been highly motivated. She does what she can to better her family life.She is extroverted and she enjoys social interactions and tends to be enthusiastic, verbal, assertive, and energetic. She told me that she enjoys outsize social gatherings, such as parties and cooking large meals for her family and friends. She is a nurturer and a caregiver. Her weaknesses are that Maria is rattling(prenominal) talkative and not a good listener at times. She has no history of any medical exam issues in her family. Maria believes t hat the best thing in life is family and that is what she values most. All by dint of her pregnancy she had no issue with her health. She talks bout the early symptoms which include headaches, nausea and lower backaches.In the first one-third months of her pregnancy, Maria said she slept more often, but it was a restless sleep. She matte up sleepier during the day and was having more difficulty sleeping at night than before she was pregnant. She knew that she needed to eat healthy for her and her son, so she made legitimate that she increased her intake of protein, folic acid, iron and calories. She was twenty six years old when she got pregnant with Juan. Maria felt that she was very active sequence pregnant with Juan cause she already had two other young children and she was invariably running around after them.She didnt smoke or drink alcohol during any of her pregnancies. She did have a lot of prenatal care from her doctor and never missed any appointments. Juan fell in the ninety-fifth percentile at 36 months on the growth chart. He was extremely bright and he had the abilities to project very fast. Maria said Juan did everything a little faster than an ordinary child. His cognitive abilities with memory and occupation solving were above average and Maria felt he was incessantly learning to do fly by himself. He exhibited the Piglets seniority regarding and operational thinking.Even though during his seniority stage he had contain knowledge of the world, he still was more advanced than others is age. During his operational stage he started reading and he definitely exceeded the expected milestones. During his first stage of the Erosions psychosocial stage, Juan was very nurtured by his mother Maria so he gained a lot of trust in her and he had a very secure attachment. Juan wanted to do everything by himself, like using the toilet by myself and brushing his teeth during the second stage. Juan became more active during the third stage always ro ugh housing with his brothers.Maria was very involved in Jeans preschool activities. She volunteered to come in and help out during all the class parties and events. Maria helped Juan understand his feelings, good and bad, and he was shaped to roleplay almost Just like the image of Maria herself. Juan showed a lot of empathy for others and was a very lovable child. Because Juan was the youngest of three he always had to share with his brothers. He as very attached to his mother, never missing to leave her side. Maria said that Juan had lots of memories growing up.They took many vacations to the ocean and camping as a family. He was always acting more than his age, very active, and loved outdoor activities like soccer and swimming. Juan had a rapid growth in height between ages 9. 5 and 14. 5, peaking at around age 13. His beat back skills begin to develop earlier, which helps explain why he always seem happy drawing, coloring, painting and clip things out of paper and she was o ften more satisfied sitting still s he is slightly stalks. During elementary school years Juan was very advanced in doing his schoolwork.He was very physically fit as a child and he loved playing sport with other children. Though out the processes of cognitive development he was able to master problem solving, and decision- do, from childhood through to adolescence. He never lacked ideas or an opinion and he was always learning from others. Jeans render was not around after he was born(p) so he was raised solely by his mother. They had a very close relationship and while she was very caring Maria was also very strict. She would punish her sons with timeouts and if necessary she would spank them.The lack of his father did not have any negative effects on Jeans development. Instead, Maria believes this made Juan want to be a better man for his mother and his brothers. Juan had a large circle of friends. He was never the example to stay inside playing video games or watching televi sion. Juan loved to be outdoors and was very active, He loved soccer in basketball later in his adolescence and was very skilled at all physical activities he participated in, Jeans older brothers spoke tit him about sexual maturation and puberty.He develop normally and did not go through any negative effects because of this. He did not difference of opinion with his weight because he and his brothers were so active. He was generally happy going through all the several(predicate) stages in life. Maria believes in teaching a child to feels good about themselves and not to think about what others are saying. His social and emotional needs did not interfere with his way of thinking because he was always given the chance to express his feelings and thoughts with his family.Juan said that he was ware of his social status and he felt the need to behave in a way that maintains his positive image. Any behavior that whitethorn be socially unacceptable to his peers, elders, or mother was n ot acceptable. He was never into drugs or drinking. Juan always wanted to keep his nose clean and make Maria proud. As he was going through the four identity stage, he was most worried about his self-identity. Without a father Juan sometimes struggled making decisions that would prove he was a good young man.He questioned what was right and wrong sometimes, but he always looked to his other and thought if she would approve or not. Jeans self-esteem and values were very high, he never let any factors affects his life negatively. Juan is an honorable and respectful young man who has a bright future forth of him. His amazing mother, Maria did a commendable Job raising him as a single mother and she is doing everything in her power to raise Juan in the right way. He is respectful and well behaved from what I learned as I was interviewing Juan and Maria. I know Juan makes his mother very proud.